Apparatus for photography with or without color



Dec. 13, 1938. A. H. J. DE 1. SAINT GENIES 2,139,355

APPARATUS FOR PHOTOGRAPHY WITH OR WITHOUT COLOR Filed April 10, 1935 2 SheetsSheet 1 Dec. 13, 1938. A. H. J. DE SAINT GENIES 2,139,855

APPARATUS FOR PHOTOGRAPHY WITH OR WITHOUT COLOR Patented'Dec.1 3,193 8 1 h 2,139,855

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE APPARATUS FOR PHOTOGRAPHY OR WITHOUT COLOR Anne Henri Jacques de Lassus Saint Genies, Versailles, France Application April 10, 1935, Serial No.15,644

' In France April 14, 1934 Claims. (01. 88-16.6)

The present invention concerns broadly 'a Fig. 4 shows a modification in which three secmeans .for taking and projecting images on and -ondary chambers are used. from photographic plates and, more particularly, In Fig. 1, the objective 0, preferably orthocinematographic films, as stereoscopic images in scopic, is of. large diameter L, forming the basis 5 correct or inverted relief and, if desired, in colors. of desirable view points, and is mounted in a 5 In view of the fact that it is very difficult to first chamber K, furnishing an aerial image conprovide a view-taking apparatus, employing lenstruction of depth equal toh, variable within ticular or gofiered film of commercial dimencertain limits. The field to be photographed may sions, with an objective of sufilciently large use-- extend from the first plane A to infinityor to a in] diameter, of the order of the average spacing finite distance, or may only extend to only the 10 between the eyes or more, use is made, ac'cord- I first plane. To this end, the extent of this chaming to the present invention. of a method of takher is variable. A screen E, which forms the subing successive photographs which consists in ject of my copending patent application Serial forming 'an aerial image construction by the aid No. 12,511 filed on the 22nd March 1935, is situof such an objective, associatedwitha suitable ated in this field of depth h, dividing it substan- '15 screen provided with networks, photographing 'tially in half.

thisconstruction on lenticular or goiiered plates h s S ee E transforms the aerial image of commercial dimensions and projecting these given by O and of depth it, into an aerial image plates after copying onto a screen,- th optical "construction of suitable depth h. This second properties of which are similar to those of the i nage,-when viewed from the region 0. SW h intermediate screen ab veti relief which is correct or inverted and of a depth,

The corresponding view-taking apparatu all of which depend on the number, the arrangeprises an apparatus di t two contigmus ment and the characteristics or the networks of chambers the first containing an optical system which the screen E is Comlmsedof sufficient diameter and the second containing C represents a Second clhematqgraphic means for making a picture record of the aerial ber Provided with an the usual mechanism (n03 image construction produced in the first chainillustrated) both for driving the mm F and for her. Instead of a single second chamber, a 'plu- Operating the stop of the appropriate objective rality thereof may be provided, for instance, for The chamber C Wm generally be rigidly the purpose of separately recording the monohected with the frame J o the screen the chromes. objective H giving, as a result 0; ghetgezial im- The invention also discloses the conditions of age of depth aer a image 0 ep conthe projection and of the correct copying of t Jugated, as it were, with h andenclosing the stereoscopic or colored stereoscopic images thus plane of mm This Plane may therefore obtained. be the conjugate or substantially the conjugate, 86 v In the accompanying drawings, by y f relativgly to the objective H, of the defining ample and without geometrical exactitude, of Da e course, The film F will be goflered cylindrically or Fig. 1 illustrates diagrammatically an apparaca y cco dins to th su t s es ed 40 tus for taking stereoscopic color photographs or to obtain; the aerial image depth record'id cinemato raph film comprising twd conugw on it, and perceptible when his regarded 13m ous chambers, this apparatus being shown m t soll'ered side, will preset: 2n lnctifrtedmr e! section o h a nlane pass ns. through the gg g huhfli f #9 3, m

principal optical axis common to the objectives c ns or po'amve m t 13- of the two chambers.

- to like common optical axis, details of the screen, which mg )ent ppucauon; f r the observation of, comprises a lenticulated network; disposed b'em g ea chm. mmp1c imam 5o tween the two objectives of the apparatus. Allowance must m m;- e Wye m. 0

Fig.3 is a diagrammatic illustration after the versions or 'corrections of the 'relieif which are manner of thearrangeme'nt shown in Fig. 2, but introduced in taking or projecting, in order to in which there is used a complex lens oi. the obtain copies suitable for pmiection on projec- Fresnel type in, lieu of the intermediate 'lenticutionscreens which are suited to thue copies and u lated network shown'in Fig. 2; and permit of observation in correct relief. Ailcwance must also be made for the successive inversions or corrections of the direction of the images in taking or projecting, in order to employ, or not to employ, correcting prisms or mirrors in projecting. 4

In Fig. 2, details of the screen E of the first chamber K of the view-taking apparatus are illustrated.- It has been assumed here that this screen comprises, in particular, two networks E1 and E2 playing the same parts as the networks R2 and Rs disclosed in my above-mentioned copending patent application Serial No. 12,511. As explained in the specification of that application the simple or complex network E1, (see Fig. 2 of the present specification) divides the light beams emanating from different points of the subject to be photographed and transversing the objective 0 into as many elementary light beams as optical elements, which may be cylindrical or spherical, are provided on E1. These light beams formelementary images on the unpolished sur- 'face I. The network E2 possesses cylindrical or spherical gofferings the focal plane on which coincides substantially with I and the distances of which, i. e. the pitch", are such that the middle axes of the beams emanating from elementary images formed on I and transversing the optical element of the network E: meet one another in a certain distance which distance defines the zone of best observation of the image in relief. In this zone the objective H of the secondary chamber is provided. In the plane I.

there has been assumed an unpolished plane coinciding with the focal plane commonto the optical elements of these networks. For simplifyingv the conditions of view-taking and ensuring network E2 gives these images an image area the transmission under optimum conditions of luminosity from one chamber to the other, thescreen E has been supposed to comprise preferably two networks only.

The network E1 gives at i in the plane I a number of distinct and non-overlapping images of the emergent pupil of the objective 0. The

coinciding as exactly as possible with the entrant pupil of the objective H. Thus, as will be seen from Fig. 2, the optical centres of the lenses of the network E: lie on the straight lines extending through the centre of the objective H and-through the centres of the small images on the unpolished plane I. It will also be apparent that the pitch of the network E: is different from,

namely less than, that of the network E1. However, in order to avoid, as much as is'necessary, the disadvantages of the diflusionoi light which -may take place behind the unpolished plane I,

the optical elements" of E: may be divided into sections or there may be providedin close proximity to the plane I a lens D, of the Fresnel type, for example, of optical axis OH, making the centre of the entrant pupil of H conjugate with the centre of the emergent pupil of O. In this I later case,'the plane I need no longer be materialized by an unpolished plane.

To reduce to a minimum the dispersion of the' luminous rays emanating from I, there may be used, according to Fig. 2, an intermediate lenticulated network, the optical elements of which correspond one by-one to those of the network E1.

Instead of .the network D, there may be used a complex lens D of the Fresnel type, as shown in Fig. 3.

This is a system consisting of convergent'elements and shown in section as the section of a aisasss substituted, viewed from H, an aerial image construction where each point is the intersection of a finite number of rays, this number being smaller the nearer these points are brought to E. However, there can be obtained on the film I" a picture record corresponding, with regard to.

the number of rays" per point of the aerial image construction viewed from H, to the photograph of a real object,,by suspending, in the frame J, carrying E, the interconnected networks in this screen E on two or more crankshaits such as M (Fig. 2) which are capable of animating these networks by a rotational and transittional movement. In the case of the optical system D shown in Fig. 3, the lattermay remain stationary.

The radii r, not necessarily equal on the same shaft from one network to the other of the rotation impressed on the networks of the screen, will be such, for example, that two opticalelemerits, adjacent or otherwise, on each network, will be substituted for one another in their respective planes during the period of exhibition of an image of the film 1''. During that period the operative relation with respect to the objective H will be as if every point of the aerial image construction, viewed from H, emitted an infinite number of rays".

The film P which records the aspects of an aerial image construction comparable to a realobject will nevertheless fix for each point of this object only a finite number of rays in proportion to the gofi'ering of the film, however close it may be. However, the succession in time of the recordedimages will produce, on projection, due

to the independence and the certain non-correspondence of this goifering with the perforation of the film, and due also to the known phenomenon of persistence of vision, the effect of continuity equivalent to that which the consideration of real objects would produce on any observer looking at the projection screen.

If lenticularly goffered films are employed and ifa polychrome screen is arranged in known manner in one or the other-of the objectives of the view-taking apparatus, preferably in the objective of the cinematographic chamber,'the divisions between the colored zones of this screen being preferably'horizontai, a view can be taken, or projected, both stereoscopically and in color at the same time, the networks of the projection screen and in any case the network B, being goffered only cylindricaily, preferably vertically.

In the whole of the above. it has been assumed that the view-taking apparatus was composed of two co-axial contiguous chambers having two distinct functions, the first chamber serving only to furnish the basis of points of sufilcient view and an aerial image construction. and the second chamber being adapted to record as one image the aerial image construction produced by the am.

Given that the functions peculiar to each of 75 the two chambers of the view-taking apparatus are neither changed nor altered if, under certain conditions, the princi al optical axes, instead of coinciding, are only arallel at a certain' spacing, the optical axis of the second chamber need not necessarily coincide with that" of the first Therefore, several positions can be found for the second chamber, or even several chambers can be substituted for it. The arrangement of these secondary chambers must then comply with the following conditions:

Their optical axes must be parallel to the optical axis of the primary chamber.

The spacings of these axes from one another must be defined in one direction only when the face of the intermediate screen which faces the second chamber or chambers carries cylindrical gofferings, and must be defined in all-directions when this gofi'ering is lenticular;

Finally, one should preferably avoid the use in the intermediate screen of a complex lens of the Fresnel type capable of hinderingthe uniform distribution of the luminous fiux.

When these conditions are satisfied, there is obtained, according to my invention, on the emulsion of the film of each secondary chamber, a record of an image identical with that which is obtained with two coaxial chambers.

Each of the secondary chambers may be provided withan individual filter so as to record only one monochrome, and their number may correspond to the polychrome process adopted. Each of the secondary chambers shown in Fig. 4 may be provided with an individual filter so as to record. only one monochrome, and their number may correspond to the polychrome process used.

With such an arrangement, the film em ployed may be goffered'only cylindrically with generally vertical lining, as if it were only a question of recording stereoscopic or moving pictures, since the distinct monochromes are simultaneously recorded on the film, but on absolutely distinct portions of this film for each monochrome. Fig. 4 shows schematically an arrangement, in which three secondary chambers are used. The objectives H0 H1 H2 are similar to one another and correspond substantially to the objective H of Fig. 1. They record images on the films F0 F1 F2 and if monochromatic images have to be taken colored filters may be used.- While the axes of the secondary cameras are. not parallel, the main optical axes of the secondary objectives are all parallel to one another.

If the apparatus is adapted for cinematography, as many films may be run off as there are second chambers. Let n be this number, that is to say, one film per monochrome. Alternatively, only a single film may be run off, but in each guide the driving mechanism will either have to cause an advancement of the film to 11. images if each image has the maximum size permitted by the film, whilst from one guide to the other of the n chambers, the film will form a loop of exactly determined lengths, or will have to cause an advancement equal to a whole number of these images lower than n, if the'images recorded are smaller than the maximum size permitted by the film and if, on this maximum' size, certain of the 12. small images can be recorded and suitably juxtaposed, the film again forming between the gfiidesfof the n chambers loops of determined length, and the window of each guide being correctly decentered in each taposition of the n small images.

It will easily be understood that no'parallax will thus be introduced from one monochrome to the other. a

Each of the n objectives will be provided with a selective filter, as is obvious.

, Finally, without. any parallax, the same recording may take. place on the condition, if necessary,

of employing with the n juxtaposed objectives, n auxiliary optical systems comprising combinations of prisms or-mirrors, for example, so that the objectives record their monochromes from a correct viewpoint for each, as these view points have been defined above (without a lens of the Fresnel type). c

The projection in halls of such films and their copies on the' same special screens as described above may take place, according to the conditions of the recording, either, by means of n projection apparatus (the principal axes of the optical projection systems being parallel and at spacings which are determined by considerations similar to those which applied for adjusting the spacing between the axes of the view-taking objectives), or by means of a single apparatus comprising a special optical projection system formed by n juxtaposed objectives. In the first case, there are n films or a single film forming the loops desired between the guides of the 12 projection apparatus. In the second case, there is only one film.

In copying-films intended for projection with n apparatus as in the first case above-described, it may be also arranged that on the copy film, obtained by optical reproduction, the monochrome images are juxtaposed on the same por-' tion of film which then allows projection with a single apparatus comprising an optical system formed by n juxtaposed objectives. The maximum correction of the projection will be ensured, the filters being always separately and correctly adapted to the monochrome images, by adjusting the suitable different spacings, both of these objectives and of the monochrome images, or, if

necessary, by adding to this complex optical system, further optical means, such as a combination of prisms or mirrors which allow each of the monochromes to beprojected, on the screen from a suitable projection point.

The films recorded with n juxtaposed objectives may be used for making copies of the same or different size, according to the dimension of the films employed in taking and in projecting, and will be projected by means of similar complex optical systems, with the residue of parallax tolerated in taking, or without any parallax if the precautions desired have been observed when taking, as explained above.

Claims covering the subject-matter disclosed in Fig. 4 and the corresponding description are chamber in order thus to ensure the desired juxpresented in the copending application Serial No.

ranged so that the unpolished surface lies in a plane conjugate with that of the primary objective with respect to said first lenticular network, said first lenticular network having means for forming on said unpolished surface a large number of small images of the exit pupil of said primary objective, and a second lenticular network on the side of the unpolished surface remote from the primary objective, said second lenticular network being arranged so that the unpolished surface lies in a plane conjugate with that of the secondary objective with respect to said-second lenticular network, the centres of the optical elements of the second network lying on the straight lines extending through the centre of the secondary objective and the centres of the small images on the unpolished surface, said second network forming images of said small 'images in the entrance pupil of the secondary objective.

2. Apparatus for taking pictures in relief on a lenticular film comprising a primary objective of large aperture, a secondaryobjective of small aperture associated with the lenticular film and a complex lenticular screen arranged between said objectives, said lenticular screen comprising an image receiving surface near the focal plane of said primary objective, a first lenticular network between said primary objective and said un polished surface, said first lenticular network being arranged so that the unpolished surface lies in a plane conjugate with that of the primary objective with respect to said first lenticular network, s'aid first lenticular network having means for forming on said -unpolished surface a large number of small images of the exit pupil of said primary objective, and a second lenticular network on the side of the unpolished surface remotefrom the primary objective, said second lenticu-' lar network being arranged so that the unpolished surface lies in a plane conjugate with that of the secondary objective with respect to said second lenticular network, the centres of the optical elements of the second network lying on the straight lines extending through the centre of the secondary objective and the centres of the small images on the unpolished surface, said second network forming images of said small images in the entrance pupil of thesecondary objective.

3. Apparatus for taking pictures in relief on a lenticular film, comprising 'a primary objective of large aperture,'a secondary objective of small aperture associated with the lenticular film and' a complex lenticular screen arranged between said objectives, said lenticular screen comprising an image receiving surface in the form of a collecting optical refracting member at the focal,- plane of said primary objective, a first lenticu-..

lar network between said primary objective and said image-receiving surface, said first lenticular network forming in a plane in the vicinity of said collecting optical refracting member a large number of small images of the exit pupil of said primary objective, said surface comprising a network composed of cylindrical segments forming a cylindrical lens of the Fresnel type arranged adjacent said optical collecting refracting member, and a second lenticular network on the side of the collecting optical refracting member remote from the primary'objective, said l'resnel type lens redirecting, the divergent axes of the light beams, emanating from the centres of the lenses of the first network, onto the centres of the lenses of the second network, the centres of the optical elements of said second lenticular network lying onthe straight lines extending through the centre of the secondary objective and the centres of the small images in the vicinity of said coltive and said image-receiving surface, said first lenticular'network forming on the image receiv ing surface a large number of small images of the exit pupil of the said primary objective, a plane network of cylindrical segments forming cylindrical lenses adjacent the image receiving surface. and a second lenticular network on the side of the collecting optical refracting member remote from the primary objective, said plane network of cylindrical lenses redirecting the divergent axes of the light beams, emanating from the centres of the lenses of the first network, onto the centres of the lenses of the second network, the centres of the optical elements of said second lenticular network lying on the straight lines extending through the centre of the secondary objective and the centres of the small images inthe vicinity of said collecting optical refracting member, said second lenticular network forming images of said 

